A domino is a flat, thumb-sized rectangular block that has either one or six dots or pips on both ends. It is the base for a variety of games played by matching the ends of pieces and laying them down in lines or angular patterns. A complete set consists of 28 dominoes including seven doubles (same number on both ends from a double blank to a double six) and 21 singles.
Most domino games involve placing the tiles so that their numbers (or blanks) match each other on adjacent sides. Normally a single is placed squarely on the table; a double is placed perpendicular to the previous tile played, which creates a chain of dominoes that grows in length as each player takes turns playing tiles. This development of a domino chain adds to the fun and difficulty of the game.
Once a domino is tipped over, much of its potential energy is converted to kinetic energy, which can then be transmitted from one tile to the next and cause them all to fall. The energy continues to travel from domino to domino in a domino effect, which can lead to very complex and spectacular shapes and patterns.
Dominoes can be used to make an array of geometrical figures, from simple triangles and circles to elaborate structures such as castles and pyramids. The possibilities are limited only by the imagination and skills of the players.
While dominoes are most often used for recreational purposes, they can also be a valuable teaching tool for students learning math and science. Creating these structures teaches students how to build and balance a structure, how to estimate the size of an object based on its dimensions, how to calculate angles, and how to determine the distance between two points.
Each domino has a line in the middle to visually separate it into two equal parts. The value of each part is determined by the number of spots on the end, or pips. The higher the value, the more a domino is worth; a domino with more pips is known as a “heavier” piece.
To start a game, all players draw seven dominoes for their hands. The remaining dominoes, which are sometimes called the boneyard, are left face down on the table and may be drawn later if a player is unable to play from his hand. The player who draws the highest double begins play by placing one of his dominoes on the table.
Once a domino has been placed, the player must then follow the rules of the game to make further plays. If a player cannot make a play, he must pass his turn to the next player. The first player to place all of his dominoes wins the hand.
The game is normally played until all players can no longer play any of their dominoes and the winning player receives a score based on the total number of dots in the opponents’ unplayed dominoes.